Woodworking-machine.



Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH CO.,WASHINGTON. D. c,

WRD. KELLY.

WOODWORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1911.

1,058,4 1 1 Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

B SHEETS-SHEET 2.

niiiii i l ilw- W. D. KELLY.

WOODWORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1911.

Patentd Apr. 8, 1913.

6 8HEETS-SHBET 3.

W. D. KELLY.

WOODWORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT; 9, 1911.

1,058,441 Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEBT 4.

m Z7 39 26 E55- J] [Ill/II COLUMBIA PLANOGR'AFH (10.. WASHINGTON. D. c.

W. D. KELLY.

WOODWORKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1911.

Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

s SHEETS-SHEET 5 155 (OI-"HIM PLANOGRAPH CO-, WASH Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

W. D. KELLY.

WOODWOBKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1911.

COLUMBIA PLANoaRAFPi co wnsumm-ou D UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM D. KELLY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR T KE'LBUR MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

WOODWORKING-MACI-IINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 8, 1913.

To all whom it may. concern Be it known that I, WILLIAM D. KELLY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Woodworking-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates in general to woodworking machines and aims to produce a machine adapted to simultaneously form a series of mortises and tenons.

\Vith this end in View the invention comprises a cutting tool designed to first cut a series of parallel straight walled notches in the stock being operated upon and then, as the result of a relative transverse movement between the tool and the stock, to increase the width of the bases of the notches by undercutting the side walls of the notches thereby producing simultaneously a series of mortises and tenons.

The invention will be best understood by reference to the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings illustrating preferred embodiments thereof.

Referring to the drawings-Figure 1 is a front elevation of a machine incorporating my invention. Fig. 2 is an end elevation thereof looking toward the left in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan view. Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail View of one type of cutting tool showing its relation to the chip bar when in operative position. Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken through the cutting tool shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary. sectional view taken on the line 77 of Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 6 of another form of cutting tool. Fig. 9 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional view of the tool shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a fragmentary longitudinal sectional View of another form of tool. Fig. 11 is a fragmentary sectional side elevation of the tool shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a fragmentary view of still another form of cutting tool. Fig. 13 is an end elevation of the tool shown in Fig. 12. Fig. 14 is an enlarged fragmentary groove of the mortises and tenons produced by the tool shown in Figs. 8 to 13, inclusive. Fig. 15 is a fragmentary view of another form of tool and also showing the form of mortises and tenons produced there by. Fig. 16 is a fragmentary sectional view of still another form of tool and also showmg the mortises and tenons produced thereby. Fig. 17 is an end elevation partially in section, of a machine adapted to operate simultaneously upon both ends of the stock; and Fig. 18 is a sectional view taken on the line 1818 of Fig. 3.

On the drawings, 21 designates the main frame or body of the machine supporting an arbor 22 journaled in suitable bearings 23 and 24, which arbor carries a tool designated generally by the reference character 25 and which will be hereinafter described more in detail. A pair of forwardly projecting brackets 26 provides a guideway in which is slidingly mounted the guide 27 carrying the work or stock table 28. This work table is adapted to support the stock or material to be acted upon and is equipped with a lateral guide 29 adjustably mounted in a groove 30 formed on the upper face of the table so that the position of the guide may be adjusted to accommodate stock of different widths, the guide being locked in adjusted position by a locking bolt 31. i

In order to effect a relative movement between the stock and the tool to bring the tool into operative engagement with the stock, I may either hold the stock stationary and move the tool into engagement therewith, or, move the stock toward and into engagement with the rotary tool. In the type of machine disclosed in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, the bearings 23 and 24: of the arbor are stationarily mounted and the stock 32 is moved into engagement with the tool by the work table 28. This movement of the Work table is automatically accomplished by means of a lever 33 pivoted upon a bearing pin 34: supported from the main frame of the machine, said lever being provided at its lower end with an anti-friction roll 35 retained in engagement with a cam 36 mounted on the cam shaft 37 by a contraction spring 38 secured at one end to the lever 33 and at its other end to the frame of the machine. An adjustable link connection 39 connects the upper end of the lever 33 with a boss 41 projecting from the lower face of the work table. From observation of Fig. 4 it will be manifest that the high portion of the cam 36 will cause the rear edge of, the work table to remain in proximity to the tool 25 while the stock is being operated upon and that the lower or dwell portion of the cam will per mit the table to remain in forward position long enough for the stock to be turned end for' end, if desired, or, replaced by another piece.

For the purpose of clamping the stock on the work table while it is being operated upon, I have provided a series of rollers 42 mounted upon a shaft 43 which is carried by downwardly projecting arms 44 of a reciprocatory cross-head 45. This cross-head is adapted to reciprocate in a vertical plane upon the upwardly projecting guide bolts 46 and the clamp rollers are yieldingly held against the work by expansion springs 47 surrounding the bolts 46 and adjusting wheels 48 threaded on the bolt and being provided for regulating the tension of the springs. In order to relieve the pressure of the clamping. rollers so that the stock on the work table can be changed after each operation, I have mounted the bolts 46 in a reciprocatory support 40 (Fig. 1) provided with a downwardly projecting arm 50 which is provided with a roller 49 adapted to travel in a cam track 51 formed on the face of a cam 52 also mounted on the cam shaft 37. The cams 52 and 36 are so timed that, when the work table is fed rearwardly to carry the stock into operative relation with the tool, thepressure upon the clamping rollers 42 will be increased by the cam 52 sufficiently to clamp the stock rigidly to the table and when the table and the work are to be withdrawn from the tool the pressure on the clamp rollers will be relieved so that the stock may be readily removed by the operator.

The construction of the cutting tool 25 is capable of considerable variation, one form of tool being shown on an enlarged scale in Figs. 5 and 6. The tool shown in these figures consists of a series of annular disks splined by a key 54 to the arbor 22, the disks being rigidly clamped together between astationary collar 55 fixedly secured upon the arbor and a removable collar 56 mounted upon the arbor and clamped in position by a nut 57. Each disk is provided on its periphery with a plurality ofcutter receiving sockets, each adapted to receive the cutter 58. These cutters, as shown, comprise a portion projecting beyond the periphery .of the disk and wider at its outer end than at its base, the side walls being undercut as shown and gradually tapering from the relatively wide extremity to the narrower base. The edges of the cutter are sharpened to cut through the stock and gradually form straight walled notches as the stock is fed toward the bodyyof the tool. From Fig. 5 it will be manifest that the cutters on each disk are arranged in alinenient circumferentially of thetool and that when the tool is rapidly revolving the cutters will be brought successively into engagement with the stock to produce a series of straight walled notches in the edge of the stock be ing operated upon. The faces of each of the disks are preferably provided with annular recesses 58 to lighten the tool. Adjacent each of the cutter sockets I provide a transversely extending slot or sawcut 59 which is tapped to receive a tapered screw 61 which, when threaded into the slot, forces the segment of the disk between the slot and the socket against the body of the cutter, thereby securely clamping the cutter in position. After the straight walled notches have been cut to the required depth in the manner just described, the cutting tool as a whole is shogged laterally or, in other words, given a movement relatively to the stock in a direction transversely of the cutting planes of the cutters. By reason of the shape of the cutters this shogging movement results in a widening of the bases of the slots in the stock and an undercutting of one of the side walls of each notch. The cutting tool is then shogged in the opposite direction to undercut the opposite side wall of each notch whereupon the tool is re turned to normal central position so that the stock may be withdrawn without injury to the undercut notches thus formed. The alternately arranged undercut notches and projecting portions of the stock constitute when completed mortises and tenons and the number of mortises and tenons that can be simultaneously formed in a board or other piece of material is limited only by the width of the stock and the size of the cutting tool. It will be obvious that the width of the cutting tool may be increased to any desired size by increasing the number of cutter carrying disks. The shogging or lateral movement of the cutting tool is effected by a lever 62 pivoted at 63 between cars 64 projecting from the main frame of the machine and forked at its upper end to engage with laterally projecting pins 65 extending from a collar 66 fitted on one end of the arbor 22, said collar being incapable of longitudinal movement on said arbor but being so formed that the arbor will. be permitted to rotate therein. The lower end of the lever carries an anti-friction roller 67 which travels on the track of a cam 68 mounted on the cam shaft 37. The dwell of this cam permits the cutters to cut the straight walled notches to the required depth whereupon the lever is rocked first in one direction and then in the other to cited the shogging of the tool which results in the undercut tenons.

The cam shaft 37 carries a gear 69 meshed with a pinion 71 on a stub shaft 72, said pinion being formed integrally and concentrically with a gear 73 meshing with and driven by a pinion 74 secured on the auxiliary shaft which, in turn, is driven through the belt pulley 7 6, the belt 77 and the drive pulley-78 from the power shaft 7 9. This shaft receives its power from any suitable source of supply, pulleys 81 being secured thereon over which a power belt may be trained. Upon the opposite end of the power shaft there is mounted a drive pulley 82 which is connected with a driven pulley 83 on the arbor 22 by means of a belt 84, whereby said tool is revolved at a relatively high speed. The pulley 83 is made quite long, as will be noticed from Figs. 1 to 3, so that the shogging movements of the toolmay take place without disturbing the driving relation between the tool arbor and the power shaft. The shogging movement of the arbor 22 is limited in one direction by engagement of the collar 55 with the bearing 24 and in the other direction by engagement of the pulley 83 with the outer end of said bearing. In order that the movement of the arbor may be varied, the pulley S3 is preferably mounted on the arbor as shown in Fig. 18. The end of the arbor is tapped to receive a bolt 50 passing through a web of the pulley which is clamped between a collar 60 formed on the bolt and a pair of locking nuts 70. A setscrew threaded through the pulley engages a key projecting from the arbor to lock the pulley against rotation thereon. When it is desired to adjust the pulley on the shaft the set-screw is loosened, likewise the locking nuts 70. The protruding end of the bolt 50 which is squared is engaged by a socket wrench and the bolt is threaded into or out of the arbor the required amount whereupon the locking nuts are again tightened up and the set-screw 80 is threaded against the key on the arbor.

In order to prevent splitting and splintering of the lower face of the stock being acted upon, by reason of the action of the cutters, I have mounted upon the rear end of the work table 28 a serrated chip bar 85, the serrations being undercut to conform to the shape of the cutters employed and the mortises and tenons to be produced. The chip bar is fixedly secured on the work table by screw-bolts 86 or other preferred fastening means and the table is notched to accommodate the chip bar as shown in Fig. 6, so that the upper face of the chip bar lies flush with the upper face of the table. The depth of the notches produced by the cutters will depend upon the proximity of the chip bar to the body of the tool and also upon the position of the work or stock on the table. The travel of the work table carrying the chip bar toward the tool is regulated by means of the adjustable link 39 and the position of the stock on the table is determined by a plurality of stops or abutments 87 mounted on the chip bar.

These stops are disposed in grooves in the upper face of the chip bars and are held in adjusted position by screws 88, the endsof the stops projecting beyond the ends of the chip bar being upturned as indicated at 89, Fig. 7, to form stops or abutments against which the forward edge of the material is positioned when it is placed on the table. The stops are capable of adjustment so that the depth of the mortises and tenons to be produced may be regulated as occasion requires.

The cutting tool is preferably inclosed in a casing 91 (Fig. 4) slotted at its rear side to permit the work to be brought into engagement with the tool and hinged at 92 so that the top can be turned back to permit access to the tool. The casing terminates at its bottom in a rearwardly projecting pipe or tube 93 which is connected with a suction fan (not shown) by means of which the cuttings produced by the tool are taken care of.

The tool 25, as has been previously stated, is capable of wide variation in its constructionand in Figs. 8 to 15 inclusive, I have shown several modified forms of the tool as 'illustrative of types which may be utilized.

In Figs. 8 and 9 a tool is shown as made up of a series of plain disks or plates 94 arranged alternately with notched plates 95, the cutters 96 in this instance are formed integrally withthe plates 95 by sawing out segments thereof to leave sharp cutting edges. The side walls of the cutters are undercut as shown in Fig. 9, similarly to the cutters 58. In order that the plain disks 94- may be removed without slipping them off over the end of the arbor in case it should be desirable to clamp two or more of the notched plates 95 face to face, or to replace, the plain disks by disks of greater or less thickness, I have made the disks in two sections and connected them together by dovetailed connection 94. By loosening the adjustable collar which holds the plates together and sliding the plates apart, the two sections of any plate may be disengaged one from the other and independently removed from the arbor and similarly other plates may be positioned on the arbor with out removing the notched cutting plates.

In Figs. 10 and 11 I have shown a cutting'tool consisting of a plurality of saws 97, the teeth 98 of which in this instance constitute the cutters or cutting elements.

Some of the teeth, preferably alternate ones, are bent in opposite directions from the plane of the saws to produce the undercutting of the tenons and mortises when the tool is laterally shogged. These saws are secured on the arbor and are spaced apart by spacing rings or collars 99.

In Figs. 12 and 13 the tool is shown as consisting of bars 101 mounted on the arbor and spaced apart by spacing rings or collars 102, the ends of the bars being widened to form the cutters 103. In this instance one side of each cutter is inclined While the other side is straight, the inclined sides in opposite ends of the bars being on opposite sides thereof so that the undercutting of one side of each notch will be effected by the cutter on one end of the bar while the undercutting of the opposite side of the notch will be efi'eeted by the cutter on the opposite end of the bar.

In Fig. the cutters 104 are formed integrally with the disks 105 and are shaped to produce mortises and tenons having curved instead of straight side walls as indicated by reference character 106. The shape of the cutters 107 shown in Fig. 16 is slightly varied from that shown in Fig. 15 to produce T-shaped tenons 108. With this type of tool the cutters may be alternately arranged so that alternate tools cut opposite sides of the mortises, if preferred, the shogging of the tool serving to position the cutters alternately in the positions indicated by full lines and dotted lines, respectively.

Other forms of cutters will undoubtedly suggest themselves to those familiar with the art and it will be understood that the various forms shown-and described have been inserted in the present application for illustrative purposes merely, the broad invention not being dependent upon the pari ticular type of cutting tool employed.

In Fig. 16 I have shown a modified form of my invention embodying two cutting tools 109 and 111, respectively, adapted to operate simultaneously upon opposite ends of the stock 112 supported upon a stationary table 113 and clamped thereto by the clamping members 114. These clamping members are carried upon a crosshead 115 which may be either stationary or capable 0f reciprocation by a cam, as in the previously described form of invention. The work table in the present instance is stationary while the tools are simultaneously moved toward the stock and into operative relation thereto. To enable the tools to be reeiprocated I have mounted them upon sliding standards 116 provided with clownwardly projecting studs 117 adapted to be engaged by the cams 118 which alternately 120 advance the tools toward each other into engagement with the work and withdraw them therefrom after the mortises and tenons have been formed. The tools are shogged in the present instance to produce the undercutting of the mortises and tenons by means of cam adjusted levers 119. The shogging mechanism is substantially similar to that described in connection with the single tool type of machine. In order that the machine may be adapted for use 011 stock of various lengths I have so mounted the tools that the distance between them may be varied and to accomplish this result I have provided a threaded shaft 121 equipped with an operating wheel 122, said shaft being threaded through the brackets or bases 123 carrying the tools. The cams 118 are splined to slide longitudinally of the cam shaft 124 and are held in position thereon by brackets or arms 125 projecting downwardly from the bases 123. \Vhen it is desired to adjust the tools toward or from each other, the shaft 121 is rotated to advance or retract the tool carrying bases or brackets 123 which carry the cams 118 along with them on the shaft 124. The outlet pipes 125 from the tool casings are shown as projecting upwardly but it will be manifest that they may discharge in any direction convenient for connection with a suction fan.

It is believed that the invention and many of its attendant advantages will be understood from the foregoing without further description, and it will be obvious that various changes in the size, shape, proportion and arrangement of the various mechanical details may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention or sacrificing any of the material advantages thereof.

I claim:

1. In a woodworking machine, the combination of a work support, a tool comprising a plurality of cutters having a common motion but arranged to cut in parallel planes, means for bringing the work and the tool into cooperative relation whereby notches having parallel side walls are produced in the work by said cutters, and automatic means for causing relative movement between the work and the tool to bring inclined side edges of the cutters and the side walls of the notches into cooperative relation whereby said side walls are undercut.

2. In a wood-working machine, the combination of a work support, a tool comprising a plurality of cutters having inclined sides and arranged to cut in parallel planes normal to the axis of rotation of the tool, means for bringing the work and the tool into cooperative relation to produce a plurality of parallel notches or cuts in the work, and means for automatically moving the tool longitudinally during the cutting operation to bring the inclined sides of the cutters into contact with the side walls of the notches whereby said side walls are untoward the axis of rotation of said tool to subject the work to the action of the ends of the cutters, and automatic means for subsequently moving said tool along its axis of rotation in both directions from a central cutting position whereby the diverging edges of the cutter are caused to undercut the work. i

4. In a woodworking machine, the combination of a work support, a rotatable tool provided with a plurality of circumferentially alined cutters having inclined side edges and mounted to rotate in a plane normal to the axis of rotation of the tool, means for bringing the work and the tool into cooperative relation whereby a notch having parallel side walls is cut in the work by said cutters, and automatic means for subsequently causing a relative movement between the work and the tool longitudinally of the tool axis whereby the inclined side edges of the cutters are caused to undercut the side walls of said notch to produce an undercut mortise.

5. In a wood-working machine, the combination of a work support, a rotatable tool provided with circumferentially alined cutting elements having diverging cutting edges, said alined elements being arranged to travel in a plane normal to the axis of rotation of the tool, means for feeding the work toward the tool to produce a straight walled notch therein to a predetermined depth, means for causing a relative movement between the tool and the work parallel to the axis of rotation of the tool whereby the diverging cutting edges of the cutting elements are caused to undercut the side walls of said notch, and means for subsequently withdrawing the work from engagement with the tool.

6. In a woodworking machine, the combination of a work support, a tool comprising a plurality of cutters having a common motion but arranged to cut in parallel planes, means for bringing the work and the tool into cooperative relation to produce a plurality of notches of predetermined depth in the work, means for moving the tool transversely of the cutting planes in both directions from a central cutting position and returning it to central position, and means for subsequently causing a relative movement between the work and tool to place the same in inoperative relation.

7. In a woodworking machine, the com bination of a work support, a rotatable shaft, a cutting tool provided with a plurality of cutters arranged to cut in parallel planes fixedly mounted on said shaft, bearings for the said shaft, means for rotating said shaft, and means for moving said shaft longitudinally during its cutting operation alternately in opposite direct-ions from the central cutting position, said latter means comprising a collar in which said shaft rotates fixed against longitudinal movement relative to the shaft, a lever fulcrumed intermediate its ends, having one arm pivotally connected to said collar, a cam adapted to oscillate the lever about its fulcrum, and means for actuating the said cam.

8. In a woodworking machine, the combination of a frame, a work support and a rotatable cutting tool provided with a plurality of alined cutters mounted on said frame, a shaft mounted in the frame, a cam mounted on the shaft, means operated by the said cam for moving the said work support relatively to the tool, a second cam mounted on the shaft, and means connected to said tool and actuated by the second cam to move the tool along its axis of rotation during its cutting operation alternately in opposite directions from a central cutting position. v

9, In a wood-working machine, the combinationof a worksupport, a rotatably mounted cutting tool having diverging cutting edges adjacent its periphery, means for holding the work in position on the support, mechanism for bringing the work and the cutting tool into cooperative relation to produce a series of straight walled notches, and means for subsequently causing a relative movement between the cutting tool and the work along the plane of the workwhereby said diverging cutting edges are caused to increase the width of the notches at the bottom thereof.

1O. In a wood-working machine, the combination of a work support, means for holding the work thereon, a rotatable cutting tool provided with a series of peripheral cutters having diverging cutting edges, means for automatically feeding the work a predetermined distance toward said tool to cause a notch of predetermined depth to be cut therein by the tool cutters, and means for subsequently causing a relative movement between the tool and the work transversely of the cutting plane of said cutters whereby the width of the base of said notch is increased by said diverging cutting edges without increasing the width of the mouth thereof.

11. In a wood-working machine, the combination of a work support, a rotatable cutting tool provided with a series of parallel cutters with inclined side edges adapted to simultaneously cut a series of parallel notches, a reciprocatory work support, means for reciprocating the support toward and from the tool, means for holding the work fixedly on the support when the support isin proximity to the tool, and means for causing a relative movement between the tool and the work, in a direction transversely to said reciprocatory movement of the support, when the support is closest to the tool arranged to travel in parallel planes, a

clamp for holding the work on the work support during the cutting operation of the tool, a cam, means connecting the said cam with the work support whereby the work support is moved a predetermined distance toward the said tool into cutting relation therewith to cause a plurality of straight walled notches of predetermined depth to be cut in the work by the tool, a second cam, means connecting said second cam with the clamp whereby the clamp is moved into operative relation with the work before cutting relation between the tool and the Work is established, a third cam, and means connecting the said third cam with the cutting tool whereby the cutting tool is moved transversely of the cutting planes of the cutters during the cutting operation of the tool to undercut the side walls of the said notches without increasing their depth.

13. In a wood-working machine, the combination of a cutting tool comprising a series of cutters having their extremities projecting axially of the tool beyond the plane of the bases thereof, means for rotating said tool, means for causing the work to be fed against said cutters to cut a plurality of parallel notches therein, means for causing a relative movement between the work and the tool transversely of the plane of said cutters whereby the side walls of said notches will be undercut by the inclined cutters to produce undercut mortises and tenons and means for subsequently causing the work to be withdrawn from the tool.

14. In a wood-working machine, the combination of a rotatably mounted cutting tool provided with radially disposed cutters arranged in circular alinement upon the circumference of the tool, a work support, a chip bar mounted thereon and provided with undercut serrations disposed in alinement with said circularly arranged cutters,

means for holding the work on said work support with the edge of the work substantially flush with the edge of said chip bar, means for feeding the work support toward the tool whereby a plurality of parallel notches are cut in the work, and means for moving the tool longitudinally of the chip bar to undercut the side walls of said notches thereby producing mortises and tenons.

. WILLIAM D. KELLY. Vitnesses WM. 0. BELT,

M. RoBEnTsoN.

Qopies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Fatencs,

Washington, D. G. i 

